EDITORIAL COMMENT

The increased number of successfully performed kidney transplantations increases, life expectancy and the chance for urologists to treat urothelial carcinoma (UC) in kidney transplant (KTs) recipients.  In this non-randomized retrospective single-center study, the authors aimed to investigate the incidence of UC by calculating age-standardized rates (ASRs) in 2186 KT recipients and the general population and to determine the treatment outcomes. ASRs of bladder cancer and upper urinary tract UC (UTUC) in KT recipients were 25.5 and 129.5 times higher than that in the general population and the proportion of female UC patients was 2.5 times higher, reflecting a reversed gender disparity. No significant difference was observed in treatment outcomes between KT recipients and non-KT patient, however, the rate of progression to bladder cancer was higher with a relative risk of 10.53 (p=0.0481) compared to the general population. In the light of these data, urologic screening, and active treatment should be offered to identify the UC cases in KT recipients.