EDITORIAL COMMENT

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) arises when hormone refractory prostate cancer growth occurs in a castrate androgen level environment. Although the mechanism is not fully understood, the androgen receptor (AR) has emerged as an important target for therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding 21 to 23 nucleotide base pair RNA molecules that serve as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Recently, miRNAs have been at the forefront of urological oncology attention with more than 40 miRNAs implicated in urologic cancers that target common carcinogenic pathways providing novel opportunities to develop strategies for prognosis and therapy. Recently, in the literature, there are many studies about miRNAs-cancer connection, potential diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic roles of miRNAs as possible biomarkers in CRPC, miRNA role in the relationship of AR with CRPC. Especially, miR-30 has been a focus of interest in CRPC due to its involvement with the Src tyrosine kinase pathway and potential to direct Src inhibitor therapy. In some studies, it has been shown that overexpression of the miR-30 inhibits growth, invasion and migration of CRPC cells. The excitement behind the discoveries of the repressive effects of miRNAs on CRPC tumors opens a potential avenue for future therapeutics from the current search for a novel biomarker.